Vocabulary of the Week

Conjunction
Pronunciation: k&n-'j&[ng](k)-sh&n
Function: noun
1: the act or an instance of conjoining: the state of being conjoined: COMBINATION <working in conjunction with state and local authorities>
2 : occurrence together in time or space : CONCURRENCE
3 a : the apparent meeting or passing of two or more celestial bodies in the same degree of the zodiac b : a configuration in which two celestial bodies have their least apparent separation
4 : an uninflected linguistic form that joins together sentences, clauses, phrases, or words
5 : a complex sentence in logic true if and only if each of its components is true -- see TRUTH TABLE table
- con·junc·tion·al /-shn&l, -sh&-n^&l/ adjective
- con·junc·tion·al·ly adv

Alliteration
Pronunciation: &-"li-t&-'rA-sh&n
Function: noun
Etymology: ad- + Latin littera letter
: the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables (as wild and woolly, threatening throngs) -- called also head rhyme, initial rhyme

Caption
Pronunciation: 'kap-sh&n
Function: noun
Etymology: probably short for certificate of caption (taking, seizure)
1: the part of a legal document that shows where, when, and by what authority it was taken, found, or executed
2 a: the heading especially of an article or document: TITLE b: the explanatory comment or designation accompanying a pictorial illustration c: a motion-picture subtitle
- cap·tion·less /-l&s/ adjective

Coordinate
Pronunciation: kO-'or-d&-"nAt
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): -nat·ed; -nat·ing
transitive verb
1 : to put in the same order or rank
2 : to bring into a common action, movement, or condition : HARMONIZE <we need to coordinate our schedules>
3 : to attach so as to form a coordination complex
intransitive verb
1 : to be or become coordinate especially so as to act together in a smooth concerted way
2 : to combine by means of a coordinate bond
- co·or·di·na·tive /kO-'ord-n&-tiv; -'or-d&-n&-tiv, -d&-"nA-/ adjective
- co·or·di·na·tor /-'or-d&-"nA-t&r/ noun

Comparative
Pronunciation: -tiv
Function: adjective
1 : of, relating to, or constituting the degree of comparison in a language that denotes increase in the quality, quantity, or relation expressed by an adjective or adverb
2 : considered as if in comparison to something else as a standard not quite attained : RELATIVE <a comparative stranger>
3 : characterized by systematic comparison especially of likenesses and dissimilarities <comparative anatomy>
- com·par·a·tive·ly adverb - com·par·a·tive·ness noun

Hyperbole

Noun Pronunciation: hI-'p&r-b&-(")lE
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin, from Greek hyperbolE excess, hyperbole, hyperbola, from hyperballein to exceed, from hyper- + ballein to throw -- more at DEVIL
: extravagant exaggeration

Pronunciation: 'i-dE-&m
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle French & Late Latin; Middle French idiome, from Late Latin idioma individual peculiarity of language, from Greek idiOmat-, idiOma, from idiousthai to appropriate, from idios
1 a : the language peculiar to a people or to a district, community, or class : DIALECT b : the syntactical, grammatical, or structural form peculiar to a language
2 : an expression in the usage of a language that is peculiar to itself either grammatically (as no, it wasn't me) or in having a meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements (as Monday week for "the Monday a week after next Monday")
3 : a style or form of artistic expression that is characteristic of an individual, a period or movement, or a medium or instrument <the modern jazz idiom>; broadly : MANNER, STYLE <a new culinary idiom>

Pronunciation: "int-&r-'jek-sh&n
Function: noun
1 a : the act of uttering exclamations : EJACULATION b : the act of putting in between : INTERPOSITION
2 : an ejaculatory utterance usually lacking grammatical connection: as a : a word or phrase used in exclamation (as Heavens! Dear me!) b : a cry or inarticulate utterance (as Alas! ouch! phooey! ugh!) expressing an emotion
3 : something that is interjected or that interrupts

Narrative

Pronunciation: 'ner-&-tiv, 'na-r&-
Function: noun
1: something that is narrated : STORY, ACCOUNT
2 : the art or practice of narration
3 : the representation in art of an event or story; also : an example of such a representation

Onomatopoeia

Pronunciation: "ä-n&-"mä-t&-'pE-&, -"ma-
Function: noun
Etymology: Late Latin, from Greek onomatopoeiia, from onomat-, onoma name + poiein to make -- more at POET
1: the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it (as buzz, hiss)
2: the use of words whose sound suggests the sense

Pronunciation: p&r-"sä-n&-f&-'kA-sh&n
Function: noun
1 : attribution of personal qualities; especially : representation of a thing or abstraction as a person or by the human form
2 : a divinity or imaginary being representing a thing or abstraction
3 : EMBODIMENT, INCARNATION

Perspective

Pronunciation: p&r-'spek-tiv
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English perspectyf, from Medieval Latin perspectivum, from neuter of perspectivus of sight, optical, from Latin perspectus, past participle of perspicere to look through, see clearly, from per- through + specere to look -- more at PER-, SPY
archaic: an optical glass (as a telescope

Colon- Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural colons or cola
Etymology: Latin, part of a poem, from Greek kOlon limb, part of a strophe
1 plural cola: a rhythmical unit of an utterance; specifically in Greek or Latin verse: a system or series of from two to not more than six feet having a principal accent and forming part of a line
2 plural colons a: a punctuation mark: used chiefly to direct attention to matter (as a list, explanation, quotation, or amplification) that follows b: the sign: used between the parts of a numerical expression of time in hours and minutes (as in 1:15) or in hours, minutes, and seconds (as in 8:25:30), in a bibliographical reference (as in Nation 130:20), in a ratio where it is usually read as "to" (as in 4:1 read "four to one"), or in a proportion where it is usually read as "is to" or when doubled as "as" (as in 2:1::8:4 read "two is to one as eight is to four")

Semi-Colon-Pronunciation: 'se-mE-"kO-l&n, 'se-"mI-, -mi-
Function: noun: a punctuation mark; used chiefly in a coordinating function between major sentence elements (as independent clauses of a compound sentence)

Reference-Pronunciation: 're-f&rn (t) s, 're-f(&-)r&n(t)s
Function: noun
1: the act of referring or consulting
2 : a bearing on a matter : RELATION <in reference to your recent letter>
3 : something that refers : as a : ALLUSION, MENTION b : something (as a sign or indication) that refers a reader or consulter to another source of information (as a book or passage) c : consultation of sources of information
4 : one referred to or consulted: as a : a person to whom inquiries as to character or ability can be made b : a statement of the qualifications of a person seeking employment or appointment given by someone familiar with the person c (1) : a source of information (as a book or passage) to which a reader or consulter is referred (2) : a work (as a dictionary or encyclopedia) containing useful facts or information d : DENOTATION, MEANING

Simile-Pronunciation: 'si-m&-(") lE
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, comparison, from neuter of similis
: a figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as (as in cheeks like roses) -- compare METAPHOR

Summary-Pronunciation: 's&-m&-rE also 's&m-rE or -"mer-E
Function: adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin summarius, from Latin summa sum
1: COMPREHENSIVE; especially: covering the main points succinctly
2 a : done without delay or formality : quickly executed <a summary dismissal> b : of, relating to, or using a summary proceeding <a summary trial>
synonym see CONCISE
- sum·mar·i·ly /(")s&-'mer-&-lE/ adverb]

Superlative-Pronunciation: su-'p&r-l&-tiv
Function: adjective
Etymology: Middle English superlatif, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin superlativus, from Latin superlatus (past participle of superferre to carry over, raise high), from super- + latus, past participle of ferre to carry -- more at TOLERATE, BEAR
1: of, relating to, or constituting the degree of grammatical comparison that denotes an extreme or unsurpassed level or extent
2 a : surpassing all others : SUPREME b : of very high quality : EXCELLENT <superlative work>
3 : EXCESSIVE, EXAGGERATED
- su·per·la·tive·ly adverb
- su·per·la·tive·ness noun

Theme-Pronunciation: 'thEm
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English teme, theme, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French, from Latin thema, from Greek, literally, something laid down, from tithenai to place -- more at DO
1 a: a subject or topic of discourse or of artistic representation <guilt and punishment is the theme of the story> b: a specific and distinctive quality, characteristic, or concern <the campaign has lacked a theme>
2: STEM 4
3 : a written exercise : COMPOSITION <a research theme>
4 : a melodic subject of a musical composition or movement
- themed /'thEmd/ adjective

Diameter-Pronunciation: dI-'a-m&-t&r
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English diametre, from Middle French, from Latin diametros, from Greek, from dia- + metron measure -- more at MEASURE
1: a chord passing through the center of a figure or body
2: the length of a straight line through the center of an object
3: a unit of enlargement used with a number to indicate magnification by a lens or optical system <an object one millimeter wide magnified 40 diameters appears 40 millimeters wide>
- di·am·e·tral /-'a-m&-tr&l/ adjective

Distributive property-When two addends are multiplied by a factor, the product is the same as if the factor and those products multiplied each addend were added.

Equation- Pronunciationion: i-'kwA-zh&n also -sh&n
Function: noun
1 a: the act or process of equating b (1): an element affecting a process: FACTOR (2): a complex of variable factors c: a state of being equated; specifically: a state of close association or identification <bring governmental enterprises and payment for them into immediate equation -- R. G. Tugwell>
2 a : a usually formal statement of the equality or equivalence of mathematical or logical expressions b : an expression representing a chemical reaction quantitatively by means of chemical symbols

Improper fraction- A fraction in which the numerator is larger than or equal to the denominator.

Inverse operation- In mathematical analysis, an inverse function is in simple terms a function which "does the reverse" of a given function. Example

8. A symbol representing such a quantity. For example, in the expression a ² + b ² = c ², a, b, and c are variables.

1. Vertices-The highest point; the apex or summit: the vertex of a mountain.

3. Astronomy The highest point reached in the apparent motion of a celestial body.

b. The point on a triangle or pyramid opposite to and farthest away from its base.

1. Axis-A straight line about which a body or geometric object rotates or may be conceived to rotate.

a. An unlimited line, half-line, or line segment serving to orient a space or a geometric object, especially a line about which the object is symmetric.

b. A reference line from which distances or angles are measured in a coordinate system.

4. An imaginary line to which elements of a work of art, such as a picture, are referred for measurement or symmetry.

b. Any of various central structures, such as the spinal column, or standard abstract lines used as a positional referent.

6. Botany The main stem or central part about which organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged.

7. One of three mutually perpendicular lines that define the orientation of an aircraft, with one being along its direction of travel and the other two being perpendicular to the direction of travel.

8. A line through the optical center of a lens that is perpendicular to both its surfaces.

9. One of three or four imaginary lines used to define the faces of a crystal and the position of its atoms.

a. An alliance of powers, such as nations, to promote mutual interests and policies.

b. Axis. The alliance of Germany and Italy in 1936, later including Japan and other nations, that opposed the Allies in World War II.

Algebraic expression-An expression which uses symbols to represent numbers or abstract concepts for use in operations similar to arithmetic.

Concave-hollowed or rounded inward like the inside of a bowl <concave lens>

Conduction-1 : the act of conducting or conveying
2 a : passage through a conductor b : CONDUCTIVITY
3 : the passage of a reaction to a stimulus through living and especially nerve tissue

Conductor-1 : a person who collects fares in a public means of transportation (as a bus or railroad train)
2 : the leader of a musical group
3 : a substance or body that can allow electricity, heat, or sound to pass through it

Convection-: motion in a fluid in which the warmer portions rise and the colder portions sink; also : the transfer of heat by this motion.

Insulator-one that insulates : as a : a material that is a poor conductor (as of electricity or heat) -- compare SEMICONDUCTOR b : a device made of an electrical insulating material and used for separating or supporting conductors

Magnetic field-the portion of space near a magnetic body or a current-carrying body in which the magnetic forces due to the body or current can be detected

Potential energy-the energy that a piece of matter has because of its position or nature or because of the arrangement of parts

Radiation-the energy that a piece of matter has because of its position or nature or because of the arrangement of parts

Revolution- (1): the action by a celestial body of going round in an orbit or elliptical course; also: apparent movement of such a body round the earth (2): the time taken by a celestial body to make a complete round in its orbit (3): the rotation of a celestial body on its axis b : completion of a course (as of years); also : the period made by the regular succession of a measure of time or by a succession of similar events c (1) : a progressive motion of a body around an axis so that any line of the body parallel to the axis returns to its initial position while remaining parallel to the axis in transit and usually at a constant distance from it (2) : motion of any figure about a center or axis <revolution of a right triangle about one of its legs generates a cone> (3) : ROTATION 1b
2 a : a sudden, radical, or complete change b : a fundamental change in political organization; especially : the overthrow or renunciation of one government or ruler and the substitution of another by the governed c : activity or movement designed to effect fundamental changes in the socioeconomic situation d : a fundamental change in the way of thinking about or visualizing something : a change of paradigm <the Copernican revolution> e : a changeover in use or preference especially in technology <the computer revolution> <the foreign car revolution>

Rotation-1) : the action or process of rotating on or as if on an axis or center (2) : the act or an instance of rotating something b : one complete turn : the angular displacement required to return a rotating body or figure to its original orientation
2 a : return or succession in a series <rotation of the seasons> b : the growing of different crops in succession in one field usually in a regular sequence
3 : the turning of a body part about its long axis as if on a pivot
4 : a game of pool in which all 15 object balls are shot in numerical order
5 : the series of pitchers on a baseball team who regularly start successive games in turn

Species-belonging to a biological species as distinguished from a horticultural variety <a species rose>

Abolitionist-principles or measures fostering abolition especially of slavery

Amendments-1 : the act of amending : CORRECTION
2 : a material (as compost or sand) that aids plant growth indirectly by improving the condition of the soil
3 a : the process of amending by parliamentary or constitutional procedure b : an alteration proposed or effected by this process <a constitutional amendment>

Robert E. Lee-United States army colonel who gave up his post and became commander of the Confederate Army in the Civil War.

Ulysses Grant-18^th US President and. earlier, commander of the Union army in the Civil War.

Justice Roger Taney-Supreme Court chief justice who wrote the ruling against Dred Scott.

Abraham Lincoln-The 16th President of the United States (1861–1865), who led the Union during the Civil War and emancipated slaves in the South (1863). He was assassinated shortly after the end of the war by John Wilkes Booth.

Confederate States-the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

Jefferson Davis-American soldier and president of the Confederacy (1861–1865). He was captured by Union soldiers in 1865 and imprisoned for two years, and although he was indicted for treason (1866), he was never prosecuted.

Great Depression-the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

1. Constitution-The act or process of composing, setting up, or establishing.

b. The physical makeup of a person: Having a strong constitution, she had no trouble climbing the mountain.

3. a. The system of fundamental laws and principles that prescribes the nature, functions, and limits of a government or another institution.

c. Constitution. The fundamental law of the United States, framed in 1787, ratified in 1789, and variously amended since then.

Jane Addams-American reformer who brought the idea of settlement houses from Britain to the U.S. She founded the Hull House.

Industrialization-: of or relating to industry
2 : derived from human industry <industrial wealth>
3 : engaged in industry <the industrial classes>
4 : used in or developed for use in industry <industrial diamonds>; also : HEAVY-DUTY <an industrial zipper>
5 : characterized by highly developed industries <an industrial nation>

Martin Luther King Jr.-African American civil rights leader who worked for integration in nonviolent ways. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

Affirmative action-an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women; also: a similar effort to promote the rights or progress of other disadvantaged persons.

Amnesty-the act of an authority (as a government) by which pardon is granted to a large group of individuals

Anarchy-a: absence of government b: a state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of governmental authority c: a utopian society of individuals who enjoy complete freedom without government2 a: absence or denial of any authority or established order b: absence of order : disorder <not manicured plots but a wild anarchy of nature — Israel Shenker>3: anarchism

Eminent domain-a right of a government to take private property for public use by virtue of the superior dominion of the sovereign power over all lands within its jurisdiction.

Absorption-1 a: the process of absorbing or of being absorbed — compare adsorption b: interception of radiant energy or sound waves2: entire occupation of the mind <absorption in his work>

Amplitude-1: extent of dignity, excellence, or splendor2: the quality or state of being ample : fullness, abundance3: the extent or range of a quality, property, process, or phenomenon: as a: the extent of a vibratory movement (as of a pendulum) measured from the mean position to an extreme b: the maximum departure of the value of an alternating current or wave from the average value4: the angle assigned to a complex number when it is plotted in a complex plane using polar coordinates

Classification-1: the act or process of classifying2 a: systematic arrangement in groups or categories according to established criteria; specifically : taxonomy b: class, category

Commensalisms- a relation between two kinds of organisms in which one obtains food or other benefits from the other without damaging or benefiting it

Consumers-one that consumes: as a: one that utilizes economic goods b: an organism requiring complex organic compounds for food which it obtains by preying on other organisms or by eating particles of organic matter — compare producer 3

Parallel	(Adj.)	Being an equal distance apart everywhere: dancers in two parallel rows.
Parallel	(Adv.)	In a parallel relationship or manner: a road and a railway that run parallel.
Parallel	(n.)	One of a set of parallel geometric figures, such as lines or planes.